Article Retraction & Withdrawal

DESA: Journal of Rural Development and Governance reserves the right to retract or withdraw published or submitted articles in cases of proven ethical misconduct, including plagiarism, data fabrication, falsification, duplicate publication, or other violations of publication ethics.

Article withdrawal may occur prior to publication if serious ethical or academic issues are identified during the review process. Retraction of published articles will be carried out in accordance with ethical publishing standards, with clear notification provided to readers. Retracted articles will remain accessible for the scholarly record and will be clearly marked as retracted.